Copper Ores

Small extracts can be used with acknowledgements to 'Oldcopper.org' website.

Helpful comments are very welcome.

Collectable Copper Ores and Minerals

This is a selection of the most commonly collected copper ores. Also included are a few other interesting ores of metals often alloyed with copper such as zinc, lead and bismuth.

Illustrations are being added where available.

The descriptions are mostly those of the vendors and give some of the fascinating background to the collection. They cannot always be verified. There are variations in terminology, spellings and formulae that may be regional or accidental. Most spellings are English (UK). The chemical descriptions and formulae given at the end of a paragraph apply to the primary subject.

These illustrations are of collectable samples. Ores found in large quantities that are commercially useful are nowhere near so attractive to look at!

For more information and illustrations, reference should be made to some of the many excellent sites run by geological specialists.

http://www.galleries.com/minerals/byname.htm

http://www.mindat.org/index.php

and 'eBay' listings.

Chemical symbols used:

Al	Aluminium	Mn	Manganese
As	Arsenic	N	Nitrogen
Au	Gold	Na	Sodium
C	Carbon	O	Oxygen
Ca	Calcium	P	Phosphorus
Cd	Cadmium	Pb	Lead
Cl	Chlorine	S	Sulphur
Co	Cobalt	Sb	Antimony
Cu	Copper	Si	Silicon
H	Hydrogen	Sn	Tin
Fe	Iron	Te	Tellurium
K	Potassium	Zn	Zinc

2092	Native copper

2634	Adamite (Zinc Arsenate Hydroxide) from Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Colorado. A 20mm long large double-terminated adamite crystal is growing with a classic "fan" of adamite crystals. There are some unidentified crystals on the back, possibly an odd form of campylite, uncommon at Ojuela Mine. Adamite is Zinc Arsenate Hydroxide Zn₂AsO₄(OH). Size 75 x 68 x 25mm.
2635	Adamite from Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. A couple of exceptionally long (for their width) lustrous slender adamite crystals that really stand out against the dark limonitic matrix. Size 40 x 30 x 30mm. (Zinc Arsenate Hydroxide Zn₂AsO₄(OH).)
2758	Ajoite from Shattuck Mine, Bisbee, Arizona. Ajoite is found in 1-2 mm thick veins cutting rock. The bluish-green areas in the photo are open sides of veins. Some rich areas of dark blue Shattuckite balls & masses. Minor minute micro greenish-brown Fornacite crystals. Matrix is Chrysocolla, Hematite, Quartz, & a black lustrous (not black Chrysocolla) mineral. Size 100 x 80 x 67 mm. Weight 458g (1lb) (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Copper Aluminium Silicate Hydroxide (K,Na)Cu₇AlSi₉O₂₄(OH)₆.3H₂O )
2701	Ankerite from Port Quin (OS Ref: SW 971 806) St Endellion North Cornish coast. (Calcium Iron Magnesium Manganese Carbonate, Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO₃)²)
	ANTLERITE (Copper Sulphate Hydroxide) Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄ (photo from Wiki)
2689	Apatite as Carbonate Fluor Apatite from Gunnislake Clitters, Cornwall. 46 x 38 x 28mm, Weight 51g. (Calcium Phosphate complex, Ca₅(PO₄)³(OH,F,Cl),)
2510	Arthurite (Hydrated Copper Iron Arsenate Phosphate Sulphate Hydroxide), a rare copper iron arsenate in the form of a thin apple green coating on Elvan. It is typically green and forms small acicular crystals. Size approx 50 x 25 x13mm. (Copper Chloride Hydroxide, Cu₂Cl(OH)₃)
2573	Atacamite crystals from the Mount Gunson Mine, S. Australia. The specimen consists of very many small green crystals of hydrated copper chloride. Size 26 x 25mm. (Copper Chloride Hydroxide, Cu₂Cl(OH)₃)
2609	Atacamite with included Selenite, a high quality aesthetic specimen of clear gemmy terminated and double terminated selenite crystals on a base of drusy blue chrysocolla and dark green atacamite crystals from the Lily Mine, Pisco Province, Ica Dept. Peru. The selenites are gemmy clear crystals from 2 to 13mm long with good terminations – they are green from atacamite that is included within the crystals. Size 40 x 25mm. (Copper Chloride Hydroxide, Cu₂Cl(OH)₃)
2605	Aurichalcite from the 79 Mine, Gila Co, Arizona, this specimen features needles of bright blue aurichalcite on all faces except the bottom. The needles range up to 3mm, and the overall dimensions are 25 x 22mm. (Zinc Copper Carbonate Hydroxide (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆)
9389	Aurichalite, also from USA, showing prominent needles. (Zinc Copper Carbonate Hydroxide (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆).
2565	Azurite, and malachite crystals on a matrix. (Hydrated Copper Carbonate), Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)²
2686	Azurite from Ting Tang mine Gwennapp, Cornwall. (Hydrated Copper Carbonate), Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)².
2594	Azurite, Malachite and Cuprite, probably from Arizona. It could be cut to some bright Cabochons (Cabs). Picture taken wet. Size 80 x 60 x 6mm. (Hydrated Copper Carbonate, Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)².
2593	Azurite, Malachite and Cuprite in a copper mineral nodule that has been clipped on both ends to reveal the structure. It is very solid with no fractures showing. Picture taken wet. Size 110 x 80 x 67, weighs 1,500g, 2 lb 3 oz. (Hydrated Copper Carbonate, Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)².
2670	Azurite/Malachite. Azurite is well known for its unparalleled colour, a deep blue called "azure". (Hydrated Copper Carbonate, Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)²_.
2649	Azurite & Malachite in Conglomerate from New Mexico. Weight 730g (1lb 10oz). (Hydrated Copper Carbonate, Cu₃(CO₃)²(OH)².
2779	Barite, pink / white crystalline Barite, from Devon. Size approx 50 x 25 x 3mm. (Barium Sulphate, BaSO₄)
11288	Balyakinite, first discovered in Russia in 1980. This sample showing crystals on quartz from Fundorf, Ardenne, Belgium, ack: Mineralienatlas. (Copper Tellurium Oxide, CuTeO₃).
2702	Bayldonite from Penberthy Croft Mine, Cornwall. (Hydrated Copper Lead Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₃Pb(AsO₄)2 - H₂O).
11289	Beaverite, a rare lemon yellow secondary mineral found near San Francisco in the oxidized zone over lead-bearing deposits. Hornsilver Mine, Frisco, Beaver County, Utah, USA (ack: webmineral) (Pb(Cu,Fe,Al)³(SO₄))²(OH)⁶.
2687	Binheimite from Trevinnick Mine (a complex lead-antimony hydroxide, Pb₂Sb2O₆(O,OH)).
2835	Boleite, Rich Blue Cube, Ag Cu Pb Chloride, Specimens with natural matrix are extremely rare because the crystals are usually in a clay-like material that falls apart when dry. This is a tiny crystal, 2 mm. on a side from Amelia Mine, Santa Rosalia, Baja California (Hydrated Lead Copper Silver Chloride Hydroxide (Pb₂₆Cu₂₄Ag₁₀Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈.3H₂ O.)
2618	Boulangerite from Wheal Emily, Wembury, Devon. Size 40mm. (Lead Antimony Sulphide, Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁)
2688	Brochantite, with Copper, Cuprite & Langite from Wheal Garland, Cornwall. (Copper Sulphate Hydroxide, Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆)
2631	Brochantite from Blanchard Claims, Bingham, New Mexico. Tight tufts of brochantite crystals are scattered across the display surface. This specimen has a lot more brochantite on it than normal. Size 50 x 30 x 15mm (2 x 1.5 x .6 inches). (Copper Sulphate Hydroxide Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆).
	Buttgenbachite (Hydrated Copper Nitrate Chloride Hydroxide Cu₁₉(NO₃)₂C_l4(OH)₃₂.2H₂O. )
2703	Calcite, Nail Head, from Greystones Quarry (OS Ref: SX 362 794) Lezant, near Launceston. Cornwall. Size 53 x 31mm (2 x 1 1/4"), weight 43g. (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO₃)
9373	Caledonite with Linarite from the 'Blue Bell' Mine in San Bernadino Co., California. The name comes from that of Scotland where it was first discovered. (Photo courtesy Dawn Rennison) (Copper Lead Carbonate Sulphate Hydroxide), Cu₂Pb₅CO₃(SO₄)₃(OH)₆.
6094	Campylite, Drygill, Cumberland, England. museum quality campylite from this classic locality. Lustrous, shining crystals richly intergrown on quartz and barite matrix. Crystals are up to 5mm, specimen is 3.5 x 3 inches. Campylite, a variety of Mimetite, (Lead Chloroarsenate Pb₅(AsO₄)³Cl)
2570	Carrolite crystal from the Democratic Republic of Congo . This is an excellent and highly lustrous crystal of the rare cobalt mineral Carrolite from the Kambove Mine, near Likasi, Congo. The specimen is 32 by 24 mm in size, with the crystal located in the centre surrounded by some pink Cobaltocalcite. Size 34 x 24mm Weight 13g. (Copper-cobalt-nickel sulphide, Cu (Co,Ni)₂S₄)
2623	Alluvial Cassiterite pebble from a Cornish beach. The Cassiterite makes up approx 50% of the pebble and is in the form of a light brown fine-grained type. The remainder of the pebble is grey Killas and vein milky quartz. Size approx 75 x 50 x 40mm. Weight 243g. (Tin oxide, SnO₂)
2638	Cassiterite as a dark brown vein specimen from Cornwall's last Tin mine, now closed, South Crofty Mine, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall. (No 5 Draw Point, 17/8/97) Size 50 x 25 x 25mm (2 x 1 x 1 inches). Weight 151g. (Tin oxide, SnO₂)
2557	Cassiterite as a heavy fine grained light brown vein in the middle of a milky white quartz matrix. Specimen is from a long abandoned old Cornish Tin Mine. Specimen measures approx 75 x 75 x 25mm (3 x 3 x 1"). Weight 236g. (Tin oxide, SnO₂)
2669	Chalcanthite these are actually artificially grown copper sulphate crystals up to 13mm long on a 42mm limestone matrix. Weight 18g. (Hydrated Copper Sulphate, CuSO₄.5H₂0)
2804	Cerussite, it shows the sheen like crystal formation. Size 47 x 26mm, weight 116g. (White Lead Ore, PbCO₃)
2759	Chalcoalumite from Lavender Pit, Bisbee, Arizona, the best locality for the mineral. Rich blue to green crusts of minute sparkling micro crystals, some with a thin iron oxide stain, covering most of the top of rock. Also present are a few Cuprite crystals. (Hydrated copper aluminium sulphate, CuAl₄[(OH)₁₂SO₄].3H₂O )
6108	Chalcocite, large showy piece from the Junction Shaft at Bisbee. Dimensions: 3.5" x 2.0" x 1.5" weight: 7.1 ounces (200 grams) colour: glittery, rich (Copper Sulphide, Cu₂S )
2690	Chalcophyllite crystals on matrix from Wheal Gorland. Size 44 x 42 x 40mm. Weight 18g. (Hydrated copper aluminium sulphate arsenate hydroxide, Cu₁₈Al₂(AsO₄)₃(SO₄)₃(OH)₂₇.33H₂O )
2704	Chalcopyrite and Sphalerite (Zinc Iron Sulphide or Blende, (Zn, Fe)S, from Wheal Garland (OS Ref SW 730 427) St Day, Gwennap. Cornwall. Size 34 x 30 x 22mm. Weight 25g. (Copper Iron Sulphide, CuFeS₂).
2641	Chalcopyrite Crystals from a Cornish quarry. Size 110 x 70 x 70mm (4 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 3"). Weight 365g (13oz). (Copper Iron Sulphide, CuFeS₂)
2672	Chalcopyrite crystals 2-4mm long across quartz. Size 110 x 70 x 70. Weight 570g (1lb 4oz). (Copper Iron Sulphide, CuFeS₂).
2586	Chalcopyrite with sphalerite, quartz and pyrite from the Huaron mine, San Jose de Huayllay District, Pasco Department, Peru. The specimen was very hard to photograph and is much better in person. Size 55 x 35 mm. Weight 75g. (Copper Iron Sulphide, CuFeS₂).
2568	Chalcopyrite, (Copper iron sulphide, Copper pyrite, CuFeS₂) iridescent purplish and bluish crystals from the Viburnum Trend, Missouri. Size 34 x 27 mm. Weight 23g. (Copper Iron Sulphide, CuFeS₂).
2558	Chalcosiderite as small dark apple green micro crystals on a rich brown liminitic gossan. Size 100 x 25 x 25mm (4 x 1 x 1"). Weight 91g (3oz). (Hydrated Copper Iron Phosphate Hydroxide CuFe₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈.4H₂O).
2792	Chalcosiderite (Hydrated Copper Iron Phosphate Hydroxide CuFe6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O) from Phoenix United Mine, Liskeard, Cornwall showing rare apple green micro crystals of Chalcosiderite scattered over a rich Iron Goethite / Limonite matrix. Size 90 x 50 x 50mm (3.5 x 2 x 2 inches). Weight 218g (8oz). (Hydrated Copper Iron Phosphate Hydroxide CuFe₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈.4H₂O).	No photo.
2511	Chalcosiderite, a rare specimen from Stones Lode, Phoenix United Mine, Minions, Cornwall. The Chalcosiderite crystals are of a deep apple green colour on a very heavy quartz/iron gossan. Size 50 x 50 x 50mm. Weight 150g (5oz). (Hydrated Copper Iron Phosphate Hydroxide CuFe₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈.4H₂O).	No photo
2691	Chenevixite from Wheal Gorland (OS Ref: SW 730 427) St Day, Gwennap. Cornwall. It is a complex mineral and Wheal Gorland is the classic source. Size 26 x 20 15mm. Weight 5g. (Copper iron arsenate, Cu₂Fe₂(AsO₄)²(OH)⁴.H₂O)
2613	Chrysocolla Stalactite - Arizona A nice specimen that features white chalcedony coating deep blue/green chrysocolla stalactites. The locale is the Ballpark Bench, Ray Mine, Pinal Co, Arizona. The specimen is very aesthetic, and has deep blue chrysocolla stalactites from 3 to 22mm tall (1/8” to 7/8”). Size overall 25 x 17 (1” x 5/8”). Weight approx 5g. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₃.H₂O)
2666	Chrysocolla. This piece displays a very light blue/green Chrysocolla of botryoidal habit covering a layer of concentric Malachite from Democratic Republic of Congo. Size 75 x 55 x 20mm, weight 71g. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₃.H₂O)	No photo.
2434	Chrysocolla/ azurite and azurite layering, smithsonite on and in, limonite, cuprite with some chalcocite. It is of botryoidal form, shaped like a cluster of grapes. Size 95 x 60 x 50 (3 3/4" x 2 1/2" x 2"). Weight 220g (8oz).. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₃.H₂O).
2677	Chrysocolla, showing blue and green with fluorescent green opal. This is hydrated copper silicate. It is 130 x 50 x 60mm. Weight 466g (1lb). (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₃.H₂O).
2433	Chrysocolla/quartz/malachite/turquoise, red heamatite and a little chalcocite veins. This is from a private mine in Central Pinal Co, AZ. Occurrence is secondary copper enrichment of copper vein. . Size 70 x 55 x 25mm (2 3/4" x 2 1/4" x 1", weight 112g, 2oz…(Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₃.H₂O)	No photo.
2760	Cinnabar mercury ore from Shizhuan Prov., China Terminated 10 mm crystal on micro Quartz & Dolomite crystals. 24 x 23 x 23 mm. (Mercury Sulphide HgS )
6109	Clinoclase, Rare Copper Mineral thumbnail specimen of deep blue xls of the copper arsenate mineral from the Tin Stope at Majuba Hill, Pershing County, Nevada. (Copper Arsenate Hydroxide. Cu₃AsO₄(OH)³)
6105	CLINOCLASE (Copper Arsenate Hydroxide). It is comprised of numerous small crystals and crystal aggregates which are a beautiful azure blue and blue-green color set against a backdrop of mixed secondary Copper minerals. One side has the largest patch of Clinoclase, while the other side has more evenly distributed Clinoclase with other gorgeous bright green and Turquoise blue Copper minerals. This lovely specimen is 2.25 inches by 1.4 inches by 1.1 inches. It weighs 38 grams.
2569	Conichcalcite, showing a green bytroidal shape, coming from the famous Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico. Size 37 x 27mm. (Copper Calcium Arsenate, CaCu(AsO₄)(OH))
2603	Conichcalcite from Gold Hill, Utah. (Copper Calcium Arsenate, CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)).
2514	Connellite. Rich blue velvety blue Connellite balls with green bladed Brochantite from: Relistian Mine, Wall, Nr Gwithian, Cornwall.. This is a very nice specimen that can easily be seen with a loupe. Size: 45 x 25 x 15mm. (Hydrated Copper Sulphate Chloride Hydroxide Cu₁₉SO₄Cl₄(OH)₃₂.3H₂O).
2825	Chrysotile, ( Magnesium Iron Silicate Hydroxide (Mg,Fe)³Si₂O₅(OH)⁴) Beautiful Pale Silky Fibres, Ariz, asbestos ore with long (harmless) fibres. This is classic chrysotile asbestos but fibres are too long to pose any health threat as long as the specimen is not excessively fondled! Glistening veinlet without matrix, fibre length about 1 cm. Thumbnail specimen, about 1.1 inch across. Collected in the Salt River Canyon, Gila Co., Arizona.
2617	Cornetite Rosettes on Matrix From the Etoile Mine, Katanga Prov., Zaire comes this nice specimen that features rosettes of the rare mineral cornetite on a base of shaley malachite stained limestone. The rosettes are 2-6mm across, and coat the entire top of the are on all faces of the specimen. The crystals have a beautiful deep blue colour, and are terminated. Size 150 x 120mm. (Copper Phosphate Hydroxide Cu₃PO₄(OH)³) .
2571	Cornetite from the Musonoi Mine, near Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of Congo, a good specimen of the relatively rare coppermineral . It is of a blue colour over some green Chrysocolla. Size 39 x 27mm. (Copper Phosphate Hydroxide Cu₃PO₄(OH)³) .
2824	Conichalcite, Tiny Green Spherules on a sparkling grass green colour from Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. (Calcium Copper Arsenate Hydroxide) CaCu(AsO4)(OH) )
2604	Cornwallite, from California as emerald green small botryoidal crystals. (Also known as cornubite, Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 )
6099	Covellite, Leonard Mine, Butte. Ex Prof. Paul Patchick collection - with old label. Covellite, Leonard Mine, Butte, Montana. 2.75 x 1.5 inches. Solid irridescent mass of bladed crystals. Rare and attractive locality specimen. Covellite (Copper Sulphide, CuS)
6110	Cubanite, striated metallic cubanite from Quebec, Canada. Size 17 x 10mm. (Copper Iron Sulphide CuFe₂S₃).
11283	Cumengite (also spelled cumengeite) (Lead Copper Chloride Hydroxide, Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀). Amelia Mine, Boleo mining district, Baja California, Mexico. (photo [ne.jp/asahi])
2717	Cuprite and Malachite from Leicestershire 60g, 2oz. (Copper Oxide, CuO₂)
2526	Cuprite crystals from the Irish Mag Mine, Bisbee, Arizona. Several modified cubes of Cuprite are disseminated over the top of this 1.9"x1.0"x0.6" specimen. It was collected in 1907 and is from the R.N.Marble collection. (Copper Oxide, CuO₂).
2685	Cuprite from County Bridge Quarry SW 722 219 Lizard Peninsula. Cornwall. (Copper Oxide, CuO₂).
2700	Cuprite from Wheal Gorland (OS Ref: SW 730 427) St Day, Gwennap. Cornwall. Cuprite, Copper Oxide, CuO₂, gives the greatest yield of copper per molecule since there is only one oxygen atom to every two copper atoms. (Copper Oxide, CuO₂).
2455	Cuprite from Phoenix United Mine, Liskeard, Cornwall, showing red with some green Malachite and Chrysocolla in a granitic matrix. Size 50 x 50 x 50mm.
2362	Large nugget of Cuprite and turquoise found in the Hassayampa River near Amazon Gorge, Arizona. It is water worn, feels very heavy and might be ideal for conversion to semi-precious stones. Size 125 x 60 x 50mm, weight 18.65oz. (Copper Oxide, CuO₂).
2816	Cuproadamite This piece comes from Agios Constantinos, Laurion, Greece - one of the oldest mines on the planet. Size is 22 by 13 by 27 mm. The backside is covered with crystals as well. Cuproadamite, is frequently regarded as a variety of the closely related mineral, Adamite. It is the presence of Copper in the crystal lattice which differentiates it apart and gives rise to the emerald green colour. Cuproadamite does not fluoresce at all, whilst Adamite is one of the strongest fluorescing minerals around. (Copper Zinc Arsenate Hydroxide (Cu,Zn)₂(AsO₄)(OH)).
6096	Electric green- Cuprosklodowskite from Congo. From the Musonoi Mine in the Shaba province of the Congo. It measures 1 1/2 x 1 1/4 x 1 inches. It consists of a breccia matrix with cupro on a couple of surfaces. The cupro is in lustrous chatoyant needle-like crystals. Cuprosklodowskite mainly found only at Shaba, Zaire, (Hydrated Copper Uranyl Silicate Cu(UO₂)2Si₂O₇.6H2_O).
2822	Cylindrite: Extremely Rare Round Crystals Lustrous cylinders to about 2 cm. long. in matrix of other rare tin sulfosalts (incaite, franckeite, etc.). Crystals are absolutely unique - like pencil leads; long and round in cross-section. From Poopo, Oruro Dept., Bolivia. Miniature specimen about 1.6 inch across. (Iron Lead Tin Antimony Sulphide FePb₃Sn₄Sb₂S₁₄).
2834	Cyanotrichite from Arizona, a wonderfully coloured mineral. Its bright azure to sky blue colour is very impressive. Cyanotrichite typically forms acicular or hair like crystals aggregated into radial clusters, tufts and sprays. The colour is very impressive for such tiny crystals. It is an aptly named mineral since cyano and trich are derived from the Greek for blue and hair, respectively. It is formed from the oxidation of copper ore minerals along with other oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurrences include Laurium in Greece; Leadhills in Scotland; Russia; South Africa; Arizona, Nevada and Utah, USA and France . (Hydrated Copper Aluminium Sulphate Hydroxide. Cu₄Al₂SO₄(OH)¹².2H2_O)
11291	Digenite is a black to dark blue opaque mineral. Digenite from the East Colusa Mine, Butte, Montana, USA. Specimen size = 4.3 cm. (ack Strickja, Wiki) (Copper Sulphide Cu₉S₅)
2632	Dioptase - Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. A half inch long perfectly formed dioptase crystal tops this aesthetic specimen. There are some smaller ones present that really set it off. Size approx 16 x 14 x 7mm. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₂(OH)²)
2647	Dioptase and Colbaltian Dolomite from Tsumeb Mine, Namibia. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₂(OH)²)
2572	Dioptase, a copper silicate ore, (CuSiO2(OH)2) on a white matrix from the type locality of Altyn Tyube, Kazakstan. Size 29 x 22mm. (Hydrated copper silicate CuSiO₂(OH)²) .
2705	Dolomite and Siderite (Iron Carbonate) from Botallack Mine, Cornwall. (Calcium Magnesium Carbonate, CaMg(CO3)2).
2757	Dometkite (Copper Arsenide, Cu3As) from Mohawk Mine, Mohawk, Michigan with very rich metallic massive, minor intergrown calcite. Calcite has green stains & the Domeykite has a thin layer of red Cuprite. Size 59 x 43 x 25mm. (Copper Arsenide, Cu₃As).	No photo.
2930	Duftite, Penberthy Croft, St. Hilary, Cornwall. The colour of duftite gives it its great note of distinction. The colour is usually an attractive green of one shade or another. It seems that the colour is often difficult to label and is given a variety of pleasant names. It has been described as pea-green, apple-green, grey-green, olive-green, lime green and dark green, it usually is quite attractive and a joy to possess in one's collection. (Lead Calcium Copper Zinc Arsenate Hydroxide (Pb,Ca)(Cu, Zn)AsO₄(OH)).
2651	Enargite from Longfellow mine, Ouray County, Colorado, shiny black crystals of a copper-arsenic-sulphide ore. (Copper Arsenic Sulphide Cu₃AsS₄). (Photo 11292 ack Weidrich Minerals)
2576	Erythrite as small but sharp purple crystals generously covering a black cobaltite matrix from Bou Azzer, Morocco. Erythrite is a cobalt-arsenic ore (Co 3 [AsO 4 ] 2 ·8H 2O) sometimes found in association with copper ores. Size 54 x 35mm. (Hydrated Cobalt Arsenate Co₃(AsO₄)².8(H₂O) ).
2893	Freibergite from Gilman, Colorado A sharp specimen of freibergite with pyrite from the Eagle mine, Gilman, Eagle County, Colorado. The specimen measures approximately 69 x 48 mm. The Eagle mine at Gilman, Colorado was a consolidation of many smaller operations, and was operated by New Jersey Zinc Company from 1912 until 1984. This mine was probably the most prolific producer of mineral specimens in Colorado history. Many different species have been collected from this mine over the years, but the mine is most well known for fine specimens of pyrite, sphalerite, dolomite, siderite, barite, chalcopyrite, rhodochrosite, and pyrite after pyrrhotite pseudomorphs. In total the mine 13 million tons of ore averaging 8.5% zinc, 1.5% lead, 0.7% copper, 6.6 ounces per ton silver, and 0.05 ounces per ton gold. (Complex sulphide pyrite, (Ag,Cu,Fe)₁₂(Sb,As)₄S₁₃.)
2798	Fornacite from Shattuck Mine, Bisbee, Arizona with sparse minute micro greenish-brown crystals on more abundant blue-green Ajoite fibres exposed in veins 1-2 mm wide in rock. "Richest" on end opposite the sawed end. Matrix consists of Chrysocolla, Quartz & "limonite". Ajoite is most abundant in the area on top of photo. 60 x 40 x 20mm. (also furnacite, a lead copper chromate arsenate hydroxide, Pb₂Cu(CrO₄)(AsO₄)(OH))
2608	Galena Crystals on Matrix. This features numerous octahedrons of terminated grey and silver coloured galena crystals on a matrix of drusy marcasite coated dolomite. There are crystals on both the top and the bottom sides. The top features octahedrons to 13mm and the bottom features crystals to 9mm. The matrix features tiny white dolomite crystals, and drusy golden marcasites. It was collected from the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds County, Missouri. Size 110 x 85mm. (Lead Sulphide PbS )
2706	Galena from Greystones Quarry (OS Ref: SX 362 794) Lezant, near Launceston. Cornwall. (Lead Sulphide PbS)
2587	Galena and Pyrite from Keystone, Colorado showing a sharp cluster of numerous cubes of galena with pyrite after pyrrhotite and milky quartz, all on a matrix of sphalerite from the Keystone mine, Crested Butte, Colorado. The psuedomorphs of pyrite replacing pyrrhotite are very sharp on this specimen. The Keystone Mine near Crested Butte, Colorado was operated by several different companies for silver, lead and zinc until 1977 when AMAX took over the property to explore for molybdenum. Size 60 x 50mm. (Lead Sulphide, PbS)	No photo.
2673	Galena from Snailbeach Mine, Shropshire. (Lead Sulphide, PbS)
2575	Heterogenite, a good specimen of the relatively rare Cobalt mineral from the Mashamba West Mine, near Kolwezi, Congo. The Heretogenite is black and bytroidal with some minor Chrysocolla ((Cu,Al)²H₂Si₂O₅(OH)⁴.H₂O) as an associated mineral. Size 40 by 34 mm. (Cobalt oxide CoO(OH)).
2610	Heterogenite on Chrysocolla Deep blue/green botroidal chrysocolla forms a glassy 1/8” thick layer across the entire top of this 4 ½” x 4” specimen. On top of the chrysocolla (Hydrated copper silicate) are shining glassy botroidal clumps of the rare cobalt mineral heterogenite. The heterogenite forms very nice botroidal “grapes” or “blackberries”. Heterogenite is a rare cobalt hydroxide mineral. The chrysocolla is much deeper green than is normal, and is much clearer than is normally seen. The locale is Kambove, Katanga, Zaire. (Cobalt oxide CoO(OH)).
2692	Heulandite from Botallack Mine, Cornwall. (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Aluminium Silicate (Ca,Na)₂-3Al₃(Al,Si)₂Si₁₃O₃₆.12H₂O)
2707	Hidalgoite from Hingston Down Quarry. (Lead Aluminium Arseno-sulphate PbAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)⁶)
2693	Jamesonite from Port Quin (OS ref SW 971 806) St Endellion North Cornish coast. (Lead Iron Antimony Sulphide Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄).
2694	Jasper from Greystones Quarry (OS ref SX 362 794) Lezant, near Launceston. Cornwall. Jasper is a form of Chalcedony, covering varieties of cryptocrystalline quartz.
11293	Kinoite from the Christmas Mine, Banner District, Gila County, Arizona USA. Size: 7.6x70x3.5 cm. (ack Didier Descouens, Wiki) (Hydrated Calcium Copper Silicate Ca₂Cu₂Si₃O_{10>/.2H₂O )}
2708	Langite and Brochantite from Penberthy Croft Mine. Brochanite is Copper Sulphate Hydroxide, Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)⁶ (Copper Sulphate Hydroxide, Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)⁶.2(H₂O))	No Photo.
2774	Langite, Bedford United Mine, from the Marquis Lode in this famous mine at Gulworthy, Tavistock, Devon. Iron stained killas matrix with a scattering of tiny turquoise coloured crystals of langite. Size 60 x 40 x 30mm.
9376	Lavendulan Mineral Specimen, an uncommon copper arsenate mineral, known for its characteristic intense electric blue colour. This sample comes from Chile. NaCaCu₅(AsO₄)4Cl.5H₂O.
6100	Libethenite, turquoise and apatite from Gubheath, Cornwall showing a spread of sparkling micro-crystals of libethenite on granite with turquoise var. rashleighite and small blue apatite crystals - from Gunheath CCP, St. Austell, Cornwall. Collected nearly 20 years ago. Measures 105mm x 60mm x 40mm. Apatite crystals typically 1mm. Libethenite is similar to olivenite. It has an emerald green colour and bright lustre. (Copper Phosphate Hydroxide, Cu₂PO₄(OH)).
2709	Linarite and Galena from Greystones Quarry (OS ref: SX 362 794) Lezant, near Launceston. Cornwall. (Lead Copper Sulphate Hydroxide PbCuSO₄(OH)²).
9369	Linarite with Fluorite Mineral Specimen combined copper lead sulphate hydroxide with formula PbCuSO₄(OH)². Linarite occurs as monoclinic prismatic to tabular crystals and irregular masses. It is easily confused with azurite, but does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid as azurite does. Linarite was first identified in 1822. It is named after the Linares Plateau, Spain.
2837	Lindgrenite, having an olive-green crust of copper-molybdenum ore scattered on highly altered granitic matrix, from the Childs-Aldwinkle Mine, Copper Creek district, Pinal County, Arizona. It was named after Waldemar Lindgren who established that most metallic ore deposits are emplaced by hot solutions from below, and first found in that greatest of holes in the ground, Chuquicamata Copper Mine, Chile. Miniature size specimen about 1½” tall. (Copper molybdate Cu₃(MoO₄)²(OH)²).
2731	Liroconite from the Ting Tang Mine near St. Day Cornwall. (Hydrated Copper Aluminium Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₂Al(AsO₄)(OH)⁴.4H₂O ).
2592	Listwanite This rusty red quartz gold bearing material came from a river in Western Washington State, where Jade can also be found. It is closely related to chrysophrase.
11294	Mimetite, Mimetite, Bilbao mine, Zacatecas, Mexico. Size: 7.9 x 5.8 x 3.4 cm. (Lead Chloroarsenate Pb₅(AsO₄)³Cl) see also campylite. (Photo ack: Wiki)
2931	Mixite, from Penberthy Croft, St. Hilary, Cornwall. Mixite, one of a small number of Bismuth minerals. It is a rare mineral forming in the weathering zones of copper deposits that contained other bismuth sulphides. Mixite is a particularly attractive collectors specimen. It forms spherules, wonderful radial clusters, made up of fine needle-like crystals. The colour is almost always a deep green made even more attractive by a silky lustre. (Hydrated Copper Bismuth Arsenate Hydroxide BiCu₆(AsO₄)³(OH)⁶.3H₂O).
2932	Mottramite Penberthy Croft, St. Hilary, Cornwall. Mottramite can form sparkling crusts that have a nice lustre and striking green colour. (various shades of green) Crystal Habits are typically tiny drusy crusts, radiating and stalactitic masses. (Cuprodescloizite, Lead Copper Vanadinate Hydroxide PbCu(VO₄)(OH) ).
2671	Malachite & Chrysocolla - This nice example of Malachite & Chrysocolla is from the Kolwezi, Democratic Republic Of The Congo. This piece displays concentric banding of green Malachite & Chysocolla of turquoise/blue hue with an coating of very dark green druzy Malachite. Opaque with a vitreous lustre. (Hydrated copper carbonate Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂).
2432	Malachite / Turquoise / Quartz from a private mine in Northern Santa Cruz Co., AZ. a splendid specimen that could be cut to cabochons. Malachite, turquoise, quartz, red hematite, minor gold in box works. Size 80 x 60 x 30mm. (Hydrated copper carbonate Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂).
2667	Malachite in botryoidal form with a dark green hue and a dark green drusy coating. Shows concentric banding pattern on edge. Democratic Republic of Congo. Size 92 x 45 x 30mm, weight 183 g. (Hydrated copper carbonate Cu₂CO₃)(OH)₂).	No photo.
2515	Botryoidal Malachite that can easily be seen with a loupe.(Photo does not do this specimen justice). Overall Size: 4.5cm x 2.2cm x 3.0cm From: Tolvaddon Mine, Marazion, Cornwall. (Hydrated copper carbonate Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂)
2363	Malachite, dioptase and gold sulphide in crystalline quartz from the Gold Bar Mine in O'Brien's Gulch, Amazon Gorge. (Hydrated copper carbonate Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂).
2710	Marcasite from Wheal Mary Ann. It is an Arabic or Moorish name for pyrites and similar material of uncertain origin. (Iron Disulphide, FeS₂).
11295	Meta-zeunerite, Hydrated Copper Uranyl Arsenate, crystals to 7 mm on smoky quartz, Erongo Region, Namibia. Cu(UO₂)₂(AsO₄)₂.8H₂O ) (Photo: Wiki)
2836	Millerite, normally found as nearly invisible hairs in some geodes, this is a specimen of nearly solid mineral! It is made of densely packed radiating sharp metallic needles, with kind of a greenish-brassy colour. It came from the Thompson Open Pit, Thompson, Manitoba. Thumbnail specimen, about 0.8" across. (Nickel sulphide NiS)
9342	Mohawkite, polished - a mixture of copper, algodonite, and domeykite, the latter two being rare copper minerals, chemical formula from: Cu₃As up to Cu₆As. Named after the Mohawk Mine, Houghton, Keweenaw, Michigan.
11296	Mottramite (yellow) with fluorite and quartz. From Lower Silesia, Poland. (Photo: Wiki). (Lead Copper Vanadinate Hydroxide PbCu(VO₄)(OH))
2797	Murdochite from Gila Coounty, Arizona via the Alice Noble collection. Mentioned as being rare at this locality in the mineralogy of Arizona. Black frosting of minute micro crystals on 1-2 mm blue-green Smithsonite crystals on a 25 x 23mm area on top of rock. Most of specimen is microcrystalline Hemimorphite & Smithsonite. 62 x 50 x 46mm. (Complex copper lead oxide Cu₆PbO_7.52(Cl,Br)).
2736	Olivenite from the Ting Tang Mine near St. Day Cornwall. (Copper Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₂AsO₄(OH)).
2696	Olivenite from Wheal Gorland SW 730 427 St Day, Gwennap. Cornwall. (Copper Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₂AsO₄(OH)).
2832	Olivenite, Uncommon Secondary Copper; Nevada Olive-green (what a surprise!) acicular crystals in vug of limonitic matrix. Uncommon location: Simon Mine, in Mineral County. Copper Arsenate Hydroxide, Thumbnail specimen, about 27mm tall. (Copper Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₂AsO₄(OH)).	No photo
11297	Papagoite from Namibia (size: 5.9 x 3.3 x 2.1 cm) [Photo: Wiki] (Calcium Copper Aluminium Silicate Hydroxide CaCuAlSi₂O₆(OH)³)
2698	Pharmacosiderite from Wheal Gorland. (Hydrated Potassium Iron Arsenate Hydroxide KFe₄(AsO₄)(OH)₄.7H
11298	Plancheite (and Malachite), Milpillas mine, Sonora, Mexico. (photo: Wiki). (Hydrated Copper Silicate Hydroxide Cu₈Si₈O₂₂(OH)⁴.H₂O).
2812	Polybasite-Pearcite from Mexico Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico is famous for its wealth of silver minerals. This is a nice specimen of silver sulphosalt, either polybasite or pearceite. They appear the same but can be identified by analysis. Size is 17x16x16mm. (Silver Copper Antimony Sulphide (Ag,Cu)¹⁶Sb₂S₁₁).
6106	Pseudoboleite: Santa Catalina Mine, Sierra Gorda, Chile. Pseudoboleite occurs here as blue masses of micro-crystals intermixed with a limonitic matrix. Other minerals such as hemimorphite are often present. An excellent specimen for microscope viewing, this is XRD-confirmed material. This uncommon mineral measures 60x30mm. Pseudoboleite (Hydrated Lead Copper Chloride Hydroxide Pb₅Cu₄Cl₁₀(OH)⁸.2H₂O)
2652	Pyrite as large crystals together with chalcocite (copper sulphide) from Zacatecas, Mexico. (Iron sulphide FeS₂)
2621	Pyrite and Sphalarite on Quartz Group. (Iron sulphide FeS₂)
2599	Pyrite cluster from Gilman, Colorado. (Iron sulphide FeS₂)
2789	Pyromorphite It has fantastic small bright pale green crystals covering the one end of its matrix and inside the two fissures it has more crystals. It measures 5.5 cm x 3.5 cm and originated from Santa Eufemia, Spain. (Lead Chlorophosphate, Pb₅Cl(PO₄)³).	No photo.
2699	Pyromorphite from Trevinnick Mine (Green Lead Ore, Lead Chlorophosphate, Pb₅Cl(PO₄)³).
2927	Pyromorphite. . Location: Penberthy Croft, St.Hilary, Cornwall. (Green Lead Ore, Lead Chlorophosphate, Pb₅Cl(PO₄)³).
11299	Quetzalcoatlite as acicular needles, Eurika Mine. East Tintic Mts, Juab, Utah. [Photo: mindat] (Zinc Copper Tellurite Hydroxide Zn₈Cu₄(TeO₃)₃(OH)₁₈)
2793	Rashleighite, a form of green Turquoise with many vughs of green Turquoise in a grey quartz matrix. It is from a classic Cornish locality. Size 75 x 50 x 25mm.
9375	Renierite (Germanium) Specimen, a rare copper-zinc-germanium bearing sulphide mineral. It occurs at the Kipushi Mine, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Renierite was named after Armand Renier, a Belgian geologist and Director of the Belgian Geological Survey. (Cu,Zn)₁₁(Ge,As)₂Fe₄S₁₆.
2778	Rhodonite and Pyrolusite Specimen of light pink Rhodonite with black Pyrolusite (Manganese Dioxide) from an old abandoned Cornish Manganese mine. Size approx 125 x 75 x 35mm. (Manganese Iron Magnesium Calcium Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)⁵(SiO₃)⁵)
2826	Rosasite as pale blue spherules scattered over nicely contrasting limonite matrix. From the Omega Mine, Helvetia district, Pima County. Arizona. Thumbnail specimen about 1.2 inches across. (Copper zinc carbonate hydroxide (Cu, Zn)₂CO₃(OH)²) .	No photo
2711	Schorl Complex AluminumBoroSilicate of the tourmaline group from Hingston Down Quarry. (Sodium Iron Aluminum Boro-silicate Hydroxide NaFe₃(Al,Fe)₆Si₆O334
2732	Scorodite . from the Ting Tang Mine near St. Day Cornwall. (Hydrated Iron Arsenate, FeAsO₄.2H₂O)
2734	Scorodite & Olivenite, from the Ting Tang Mine near St. Day Cornwall. Olivenite -( Copper Arsenate Hydroxide Cu₂AsO₄(OH)).
2733	Scorodite & Pharmocosiderite (KFe₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄•7(H₂O)) from the Ting Tang Mine near St. Day Cornwall.	No photo
2612	Selenite, colourless form of gypsum, from Colorado in the form of a cluster of flattened crystals. The main crystal is a double terminated 3 ½” crystal. Radiating from it are 1/8” to 5/8” selenites. The overall dimensions are 3½” x 2”. There is a second specimen that has crystals. (Hydrated Calcium Sulphate CaSO_{4>/.2(H₂O) ).}
2756	Shattuckite from New Cornelia Mine, Ajo, Arizona with moderately rich dark blue platy cleavages with minor Ajoite in Hematite. Micromount pockets to 7 mm sparsely scattered throughout rock. From the Harry Metz collection, a geologist who worked nearby for 50 years. Size 60 x 37 x 30mm. (Copper Silicate Hydroxide Cu₅(SiO₃)⁴(OH)²).
2873	Shattuckite & Chrysocolla, cabinet specimen from Congo. A large specimen containing the minerals shattuckite, chrysoccola and possibly another unidentified one. The specimen includes a piece of what appears to be basaltic rock, covered with a crust of 2-4mm of Chrysocolla. Most of the surface of the Chrysocolla is covered with a sparkly coating of crystalline shattuckite, and on that, there are a couple of patches of the mystery mineral. (Copper Silicate Hydroxide Cu₅(SiO₃)⁴(OH)²).
2695	Siderite from Wheal Drea Mine. (Iron Carbonate, FeCO₃).
2713	Siderite from Wheal Drea Mine. SW 366 323 St Just. Cornwall (Iron Carbonate, FeCO₃)
2611	Smithsonite. This mineral was called calamine when it was used for direct cementation with copper to make brass. It was renamed in honour of the British chemist who founded the Smithsonian Institution. This is classic lime green smithsonite is from the 79 Mine, Hayden, Arizona.. The smithsonite forms the classic “melted wax” botryoidal layers of crystals, and covers all faces of the specimen. Size 32 x 36mm. (Zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃)
2630	Smithsonite as yellow crystals deposited on Dolomite. The yellow colour is due to the inclusion of greenockite in the smithsonite. Sample from Philadelphia Mine, Rush, Arkansas. Smithsonite is zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃. named for James Smithson, the founder of the Smithsonian Institution. Size 25 x 20 x 19mm.
2620	Smithsonite with lemon-yellow 'Turkey Fat' colour. (Zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃).
2606	Smithsonite, blue. This specimen features botroidal baby blue smithsonite in vugs on all sides of the massive smithsonite matrix. The blue lustre is the classic “melted wax”, and is attractive. Good banding can be seen as well. The locale was Choix, Sinaloa, Mexico. Size 110 x 60mm. (Zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃).
2469	Smithsonite from Level 8, San Antonio Mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuaha, Mexico.	No photo.
2567	Smithsonite in light green bytroidal form from the San Antonio Mine, Santa Eulalia, Mexico. The specimen is similar in many respects to the beautiful smithsonites from the Kelly Mine in New Mexico. Smithsonite is Zinc Carbonate, Calamine. Size 30 x 25mm.
2637	Smithsonite from San Antonio, Mexico, a sharp specimen of green smithsonite perched on a matrix of goethite (hydrated iron oxide) from 8th level of the San Antonio mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico. The spheres of smithsonite stand out nicely on the matrix. Size 45 x 20mm.
2714	Smokey Quartz from East Wheel Buckets, Cornwall, attractive but not a copper ore.
9367	Sonora Sunrise (sometimes Senora Sunrise). It is made up of Chrysocolla, which is a beautiful blue, and Cuprite, which has some great red variations and is found in Mexico. This piece measures approx. 78 x 43 x 18mm.
2674	Spalerite (Sphalerite), Snailbeach Mine, Shropshire. (Zinc Iron Sulphide (Zn,Fe)S).
2810	Spangolite from Blanchard Mine spangolite crystals scattered about on matrix from the Blanchard Mine in Bingham, New Mexico. Collected by Ray DeMark a few years back. Size is 30 by 24 by 15 mm. (Copper Aluminium Sulphate Chloride Hydroxide Cu₆Al(SO₄)Cl(OH)₁₂.3H₂O)	No photo
2815	Spangolite from Blanchard Mine spangolite crystals scattered about on matrix from the Blanchard MIne in Bingham, New Mexico. Collected by Ray DeMark a few years back. Size is 30 by 24 by 15 mm. (Copper Aluminium Sulphate Chloride HydroxideCu₆Al(SO₄)Cl(OH)₁₂.3H₂O)
2775	Stibnite from Baia Spric, Romania, Small group of elongated metallic crystals, some terminations 20 x20 x10mm. (Antimony Sulphide Sb₂S₃).
2726	Stromeyerite from Uzbekistan showing copper-silver veins where silver replaces copper in Bornite (Copper Iron Sulphide Cu₅FeS₄). (Silver-copper-sulphide, AgCuS).
2821	Teallite, Lustrous metallic foliated crystalline structure which is very typical of the rare species. From Carguaicollo, Potosi Department, Bolivia. (Tin-Lead Sulphide PbSnS₂).
	Tennantite (Copper Arsenic Sulphide Cu12As4S13 )	No photo.
2747	Tetrahedrite. This is a very special specimen of massive Tetrahedrite as its matrix and in its perfect termination and crystallization process. There are a few clusters of beautiful Quartz Crystals and it is completely dusted with Chalcopyrite Powder. Measure 5½"x 4½”. (Copper Antimony Sulphide Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃).
2614	Torbernite a copper-uranium ore These crystals come from Namibia having clusters of bright and dark green torbernite crystals are on all faces of this specimen. The individual crystals are 1 to 3mm long. and the overall dimensions are . This is and is mildly radioactive. Size 47 x 35mm (1 7/8” x 1 3/8”). (Hydrated Copper Uranyl Phosphate Cu(UO₂)²(PO₄)₂.10H₂O).
2712	Tourmaline in radial form from Botallack Mine, Cornwall.
2601	Turquoise azurite, malachite and silver from the 85' level of the No 2 shaft of the Iona silver, copper and gold mine in the Hieroglyphic Mountains of Western Arizona. This was originally a copper and gold occurrence which was later altered by an igneous intrusion, (red picacho) and broken up by geological activity, then re-cemented in hydrothermal solution ("brecciated") bearing copious quantities of calcium, manganese, boron, and tungsten silicates along with large amounts of silver. When cut, this shows a wild "mosaic" pattern of bright blue spider webbed turquoise, deep intense blue azurite, bright green malachite and flashy native silver in a spectacular hard brown quartz matrix. The exterior is rather oxidized, but what is found inside most is large enough for two 50mm spheres along with hundreds of cabs, this specimen is 125 x 112 x 77mm (5" x 4 1/2" x 2 1/2") and weighs 1550g, (3.5lb). (Hydrated Copper Aluminium Phosphate CuAl₆(PO₄)⁴(OH)⁸.5(H₂O)).
2525	Turquoise from Gunheath Clay Pit, Bugle, in Cornwall. This is the green variety known as Rashleighite and is rich solid Turquoise in a milky quartz matrix. Size 75 x 50 x 50mm (3 x 2 x 2 inches). (Hydrated Copper Aluminium Phosphate CuAl₆(PO₄)⁴(OH)⁸.5(H₂O)).
2803	Vanadinate on Hollandite with well shaped Vanadinite crystals which have formed onto the botryoidal crystals of Hollandite. It originated in Taus, Morocco. Size 70 x 60mm, weight 290g. (Lead Chlorovanadate Pb₅(VO₄)³Cl).
2803	Vanadinite, another specimen as usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals. It is formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. First discovered in 1801 in Mexico, vanadinite deposits have since been unearthed in South America, Europe, Africa, and other parts of North America. From Morocco this lovely little example measures approx. 30 x 20 x 18mm, with crystals up to 11mm across.
6102	Vandenbrandeite - Rare - Musonoi, Katanga, Zaire approximate size of the specimen is: 2.7cm, Width=2cm, Thickness=1cm. Vandenbrandeite Cu(UO₂)(OH)₄.
2628	Violarite + Millerite (Nickel Sulphide) + Pentlandite.(Iron Nickel Sulphide (Fe,Ni)⁹S₈).Colorado The sample is composed of Violarite, Millerite, Pentlandite, and possibly other unidentified minerals. It is from the Copper King Mine, Gold Hill District, Boulder County, Colorado. Size 65 x 50 x 25mm. (Iron-Nickel Sulphide FeNi₂S₄)
2615	Wulfenite and mimetite - Mexico This item has gemmy bright orange “windowpane” wulfenite crystals to 12mm length along with botryoidal orange/yellow mimetites on goethite matrix. The wulfenites are nicely terminated crystals. The locale is San Carlos, Chihuahua, Mexico. Wulfenite is on Mimetite, a lead chloroarsenate Pb5[Cl\|(AsO₄) Size 25 x 25mm. (Lead-molybdenum oxide (PbMoO₄) ).
2616	Wulfenite as bright yellow wulfenite crystals on a white barite matrix from the Toussit Mine, Oujeda, Morocco. Wulfenites are rare from this locale. There are wulfenites on all sides of the specimen, ranging in size from 1 to 6mm. Overall dimensions are 30 x 22mm (1 ¼” x 7/8”). (lead-molybdenum oxide (PbMoO₄)).
6101	Zeunerite - Grandview Mine, Coconino Co.,AZ a thumbnail size specimen from the Grandview Mine, Coconino County, Arizona. The approximate size of the specimen is: Height=1.9cm, Width=1.3cm, Thickness=.4cm. Zeunerite (Hydrated Copper Uranyl Arsenate Cu(UO₂)₂(AsO₄)₂ .10-16H₂O).
9380	Zincite, a crystalline zinc oxide. In nature, Zincite crystallises very rarely, it has been found grown accidentally in the condensing vents of old zinc smelting plants. This sample came from Poland some years ago. Zincite varies in colour with impurities and may be grey, green, orange or red. (ZnO)